The English Reformation Essay Thesis Example For Students

The English Reformation Essay Thesis Category:HistoryPaper Title:The English Reformation: Religion, Politics, and CultureText:The Protestant Reformation played an extraordinary part in European faith,culture, and politics. Even though the Reformation began in Germany in 1517 andspread throughout Europe very quickly, England remained Catholic for more than15 years before crossing over to Protestantism. Henry VIIIs desire for a maleheir precipitated the Protestant Reformation in England in 1527. In 1509 Henry married his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. She bore theirfirst and only child, Princess Mary. Henrys disappointment led to his affairwith Anne Boleyn, who was a Protestant. He tried to get out of his marriage toCatherine on several occasions. He first claimed that his marriage was invaliddue to the fact that Catherine was the widow of his brother Arthur, Prince ofWales. Henry sent Cardinal Thomas Wosley to Rome to argue his claim. PopeClement VII threw out that claim because he had given Henry special dispensationto marry Catherine. Henry then replaced Wosley with Sir Thomas More, but thePopes ruling stayed the same. The Pope was deeply influenced by Charles V,Holy Roman Emperor, the Catholic nephew of Catherine of Aragon. He would nottolerate a divorce, and the Pope was not going to take sides against him. We will write a custom essay on The English Reformation Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now With no cooperation, Henry decided to use Parliament to pressure Pope ClementVII into annulling his marriage. Parliament passed laws that permitted Henry toappoint bishops in his jurisdiction. He appointed Thomas Cranmer as Archbishopof York, a friend of Anne Boleyn. In 1532 she became pregnant and Henry wasseverely pressured into breaking with the Catholic Church. Because of thesituation, Parliament passed a law ending the popes authority over marriagein England. Therefore, Archbishop Cranmer annulled Henrys marriage toCatherine, letting him marry Anne Boleyn, who bore adaughter, Princess Elizabeth. Pope Clement VII then excommunicated Henry andthe entire nation of England. With the break in the Catholic Church, Parliamentpassed the Act of Supremacy, making Henry the head of the church in England,hence the Anglican Church. Henry was losing interest in Anne. She never produced a male heir, so he hadher arrested and eventually beheaded for adultery and treason. Months after Annesdeath, Henry married Jane Seymour, who bore a male heir, Edward. She died inchildbirth and Henry quickly married again. He had three more wives: Anne ofCleves, CatherineHoward, and Catherine Parr, the wife who survived him. Henry VIII died in1547, and was succeeded by his only son, Edward VI. The Anglican Church changed during the reign of Edward VI. He imposedProtestant practices his father despised. The Common Book of Prayer andAdministration of the Sacraments and Other Rites and Ceremonies of the Churchwas issued by him as the official prayer book of the Anglican Church. He alsoadopted 42 articles of faith essentialfor church membership. At the age of 16, Edward VI died of tuberculosis, andwas succeeded by his sister, Mary I. Upon ascending to the throne, Mary abolished Protestantism in England andrestored Catholicism. Anglicans who resisted restoring Catholicism wereimprisoned and executed. Many people fled Marys wrath to countries abroad,embracing Calvinism. After five years on the throne, Mary I died and wassucceeded by Elizabeth I, a strong believerin Protestantism. Elizabeth restored the Anglican Church in England and passed the Act ofUniformity, which established a common prayer book and set the basic ceremoniesof the church. She also reformed Edward VIs 42-article creed to 39, creatingthe Thirty-nine Articles. The articles were the doctrinal foundation of Anglicanpractice and tradition. Thechurch in England, however, remained relatively close to Catholic ritual. .u5f129ef4739ca311aa5c3881cadb0176 , .u5f129ef4739ca311aa5c3881cadb0176 .postImageUrl , .u5f129ef4739ca311aa5c3881cadb0176 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5f129ef4739ca311aa5c3881cadb0176 , .u5f129ef4739ca311aa5c3881cadb0176:hover , .u5f129ef4739ca311aa5c3881cadb0176:visited , .u5f129ef4739ca311aa5c3881cadb0176:active { border:0!important; } .u5f129ef4739ca311aa5c3881cadb0176 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5f129ef4739ca311aa5c3881cadb0176 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5f129ef4739ca311aa5c3881cadb0176:active , .u5f129ef4739ca311aa5c3881cadb0176:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5f129ef4739ca311aa5c3881cadb0176 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5f129ef4739ca311aa5c3881cadb0176 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5f129ef4739ca311aa5c3881cadb0176 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5f129ef4739ca311aa5c3881cadb0176 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5f129ef4739ca311aa5c3881cadb0176:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5f129ef4739ca311aa5c3881cadb0176 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5f129ef4739ca311aa5c3881cadb0176 .u5f129ef4739ca311aa5c3881cadb0176-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5f129ef4739ca311aa5c3881cadb0176:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Methods Of Domination EssayProtestantism in England also had great affects on an international level aswell. The king of Spain, Philip II, widowed husband of Mary I, desired to returnEngland back to Catholicism. Philip constructed the Spanish Armada to invadeEngland and dethroneElizabeth I. He allied with the Netherlands to conquer England and restoreCatholicism. However, due to bad weather and great English forces, Spain wasdefeated and its government suffered economically. The English victory overSpain secured Protestantism and stimulated nationalism and country pride. Fourteen years after the Armada, the Thirty Years War broke out in Europe. The Thirty Years War was based in Germany in regards to events in theProtestant Reformation. Germanys urge for world power curved toward Englandand France. The Danish Phase of the war involved French and English forcesagainst German Habsburgs and Catholic Spain. English and French motive was toend Habsburg control of Holstein, Germany, making it accessible to Protestantpeoples. Much of English literature was inspired by Protestantism. Writers of theModern Era believed Protestants tried to establish a more individualrelationship with God than that of the Catholic Church. They attacked Catholicpracticessaints, Latin Bibles, priests,and indulgencesas being external not internal. Oppositions were also madeby writers, such as Hobbes, who wrote Levianthan. His book expressedProtestantism as a contradiction to that of centuries of Catholic tradition. Healso claimed that Protestant theology undermined itself. Most EnglishProtestants rejected his work, claiming it washeresy. The Anglican Churchs control on love and marriage practices alsoproduced forms of love poetry. Literatures role in those days was tointerpret Protestant scripture to congregations of worshipers. Catholicinterpretations ceased due to persecution in England. Conflicts between religionand literature helped spread Christian humanism. The Protestant Reformation was inarguably one of the most controversialevents in human history. This revolution led to the end of Papal jurisdiction inWestern Europe. Protestant churches developed quickly afterwards, beginningLutheranism, Calvinism, Anabaptism, and Anglicanism. The Reformation completelyaltered medieval life andstarted the Modern Era. The power of Catholic nobility was passed to monarchsand government officials. Remaining Protestant to this day, Englandsseparation from Catholicism gained the nation political, religious, and culturalindependence. History

Design and Development for a Charity Website The WritePass Journal

Design and Development for a Charity Website 1.   Specification of requirements for the web-site Design and Development for a Charity Website 1.   Specification of requirements for the web-site1.1.  Introduction 1.2. Research on identical web-projects1.3.   Identifying stakeholders1.4.   Setting up web-site requirementsv  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Purposev  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Look and feelv  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Performancev  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Functionalityv  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Security2.  Web-project lifecycle2.1. Specifying the project execution phases2.2. Gantt chart and schedule1.3.  Ã‚  Approximate cost of the project3.Web-site back-up systems3.1. Introduction 3.2. Backing up online1.3.  Physical onsite backup measures1.4.   RecommendationSourcesRelated 1.   Specification of requirements for the web-site 1.1.  Introduction The charity organization has asked the manager to project-manage the design, development, and launch procedures of the web-site, specialists for which are going to be outsourced taking into account the fact that the charity doesn’t have web-specialists in-house. In short, it becomes the sole responsibility of the project manager to specify the functionality of the web-site in order to fulfil the requirements of the charity organization, event organizers, and donators; moreover, the manager will have to draft a process schedule or plan of work lifecycle, demonstrating critical points in time when charity organizers will have to be involved into web-development process.Further, the project-manager is responsible for ensuring that a viable back-up solution is put in place for recovery of the financial and other data in case of information loss or damage. In simpler terms, the task is to plan initial stages in the project prior to any technical implementations, so that issues or p otential problems associated with that will be foreseen early on and recovered or mitigated with minimal losses and expenditures. 1.2. Research on identical web-projects The project manager has researched the web-space on similar or more or less identical charity web-sites and the following strengths and useful features for all of them have been emphasized: All charity websites must be visually engaging, however stay moderately interactive, so that people with visual, hearing impairments and learning challenges can easily access and enjoy the contents. Therefore, some overly sophisticated and distracting features, like sound, must be omitted. Homepage design is a highly substantial part of the whole web-site, whereby the single page can persuade a single user or the entire funding organization to donate to the cause, allow for fast and speedy navigation, and introduce to the objective of the current web-project. Therefore, it is clear from the outset that the precise range of target users must be identified first so that the web-site homepage is oriented towards those users. Support for social media must be leveraged properly by means of seamless integration between the website and social media channels so that the user shares his experience on social networks and forums (Facebook, LinkedIn); it might be feasible to implement forum directly on the   website, but   technically it will involve extra financial and time costs. The content management system might be adjusted to the needs of volunteers/supporters/beneficiaries through Intranet, for example, by allowing logins and personal profiles to the volunteers for sharing comments. The additional feature would be to allow volunteers to take part in creating, updating, and complementing the web-site content by making suggestions and recommendations as well as telling different stories: this feature helps attract more volunteers and members. Clients will also have to be cared for: clients might even take parts in forum discussions and idea-sharing regarding some acute topic, like orphan children or homeless; users of the website can be allowed to publish their own works of art, drawing, or essays on the website, which, although time and budget-consuming, may facilitate more user engagement and participation in the charity cause.   The website must follow the rule of cost-effectiveness: in other words, the website design and implementation investment will have to be paid off by the returns in the form of donations. There must be option for online donations and online fund-raising through the usage of direct mails or special appeals   Properly constructed funding application especially for medium and large donators is present in most sites   Some websites even offer subscription membership options for money; moreover, sites can allow all members, including users/volunteers/donators to purchase the charity’s own merchandize and book trainings for fees (related to the charity causes of course) Search engine optimization is concerned with adjusting site content to search engine or Google indexation, so that the content must be of a good quality and easily searched by relevancy. Some charities are advertised on Google platforms for free: those charity web-sites gain Google grants by submitting properly constructed grant applications to Google Corporation. Content of the website must be unheavy and precisely communicating the objective of the web-site; moreover, it must be periodically updated with news and other novices. Almost all of these features are considered important for a charity web-site and therefore can be implemented in the current project. 1.3.   Identifying stakeholders Web-project stakeholders are identified as follows: Charity organization-the primary customer and stakeholder; the final decision is made by the charity management Event organizers-volunteers and members of the web-site that will arrange events for fundraising and post the events on the web-site Donors- users that will donate money either online or by filling out the application form Web-designer and developer- the parties responsible for implementing the web-site 1.4.   Setting up web-site requirements Taking into account all stakeholders in the process of web-site build-up and the commonest features of existing charity web-sites, the following requirements for the particular web-site have been set up: v  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Purpose The primary purpose of the web-site is to communicate the importance of helping fellow humans who suffer from various insufficiencies to all potential users of the website; this can be done through collaboration of the charity organization with event organizers and posting different events on the site’s homepage. v  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Look and feel The homepage design must be visually engaging but clean and neat without any extra distractions:   it is possible to include one reach Flash movie at the top of the page for adding dynamics to the page and greater interactivity. The homepage structure might be organized into 4 sections, including banner with logo, navigation bar, login, sign up, and search options; dynamic main content section with updatable content and news; side-bar section for advertisements of membership and merchandize, new and up-coming events; footer with the information about the charity, contact details, and site map. v  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Performance For large funding institutions it will most likely be essential to be able to fill a properly constructed funding application form and submitting it online by uploading it back on the website or send by post. In the navigation bar there will be option for donors to donate either online, using PayPal or credit/debit card services, or by submitting application form. Single donors are likely to pay straightaway online. However, the site is mostly oriented towards large funding institutions Some event organizers will be able to post their ads and offer trainings or charity cause-related merchandize to donors on the side-bar of the pages through CMS and personal logins   Users should be able to navigate easily through the website and in case they wish to donate online, they should be able to specify on their own the sum that they donate Charity organization can update or make amendments to the website content through CMS, with their own administrator login v  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Functionality The web project should have a content management system for administrator or charity organization itself to constantly make updates and amendments to the content of existing pages, rearrange the site structure and reassemble menu, monitor commenting in forums, control user registration, and administer online shop: this can be done by means of Extranet/Intranet and administrator login. Extranet will also allow members (basic membership for free, premium membership- for some amount of fees) to login to their personal profiles and make comments, take part in forum, or post their own works of art or writing to the website for a public use or for small fees; the money from premium membership will go to charity causes. All users that want to take part in the charity’s active social live or organize events for charity causes will first have to register with the website, submit their details as follows: Full name Country of residence Date of birth Current address/post code E-mail and telephone number A particular charity cause they are interested in Password v  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This volunteer-type access will ensure that volunteers can also make minor amendments to their posted ads and events, and will be constantly sent newsletters or alerts from the web-master. v  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Security Security issues are related to web-site hacking and vicious malware that may block the content of the website from showing up, may trigger alerts popping up to the user trying to access the web-site, may suddenly decrease the traffic, make malicious modifications to the web-site files, code, and root folder and compromise the web-site content, down to disabling the administrator from accessing the content and damaging or deleting the business data, thereby leading to the loss of business and reputation of the site. Besides, web-sites featuring embedded blogs, forums, CMS or image galleries are particularly vulnerable to injections of hidden illicit content that is not always noticed from the first sight. For ensuring against such accidents on websites and blogs there are different Website Security monitoring systems, such as WebDefender. However, currently many web-design and development agencies offer hosting services which also include technical support packages and security featur es already embedded into the system. In principle, security is going to be implemented through the use of appropriate software that hosting organization can provide alongside with preventive measures that the web-administrator takes to monitor the content flow and the files being uploaded by means of CMS. 2.  Web-project lifecycle 2.1. Specifying the project execution phases The web-site project was determined to be oriented towards iterative lifecycle, depicted in the figure 2.1. The advantages of iterative lifecycle include greater interactivity and process control by the customers, which will allow completing one full cycle first and then deciding if the complete product of the cycle satisfies the requirements; if the charity management is dissatisfied with the finished product of one lifecycle, the entire lifecycle starts again until the web-site complies with all wishes and requirements of the committee. 1.  Ã‚  First meeting and analysis of the prerequisites: discussion of the site requirements and purpose with both charity management as well as with web-designer and developer; arrangement of kick-off meetings or the communication means throughout the project. 2.  Ã‚  Preparing the proposal: specify the site requirements together with costs involved in the project proposal, which is presented first to the managers and after having obtained their agreement, goes off to the web-designer and developer. 3.   Design: web-designer comes up with a template(s) front-end for the web-project in collaboration with prototype functionality of the website generated by developer.                   4.  Ã‚  Content: the content is developed in collaboration with web-designers, managers, and interested event-organizers. 5.   Ã‚  Design and content approval: combined design and content are presented to the charity management/committee and passed on to the next stage in case of approval. 6.  Ã‚  Coding/developing phase: once the design and content are approved by the charity management and several important event-organizers, the developer builds design-consistent back-end of the site, using appropriate platform and commercially-viable framework. As a result the coding phase produces the dynamic content of the web-project.                      7.  Ã‚  Heavy web-application testing: different types of testing should take place after the completion of the design-coding processes as to ensure the user-compatibility and loading/traffic resilience. Testing will most probably be done by software testing specialists who will generate a report and sign off the web-site if it contains no bugs and complies with the above-mentioned requirements.                        8.  Final web-site approval meeting and presentation: charity organizers will have to approve of the final product and sign off the actual web-site completion phase.                         9.  Web-site promotion: official web-site domain and host service registration together with engine injection; applying for advertisement space-grant on Google. Maintenance and updating:   rather continuous process and will have to be systematically utilized for web-site technical support and content management. 2.2. Gantt chart and schedule For the convenience, the project manager can construct the schedule and Gantt chart of his own contributions to the project. Basically, his schedule will not include project execution details and technical implementations, but very broad picture of basic project stages. Both his schedule and Gantt chart are shown in the table and figure consecutively. The ongoing assumption is that the project inception started on March 1 and proceeds till 20 of April of the next year, thus taking roughly 9 months of time. Table 2.2 and figure 2.2. show the visual representation of the time allocated to the web-project. 1.3.  Ã‚  Approximate cost of the project The costs presumably involved into the process can be described in the following table (some unpredicted costs or contingency expenditures are not taken into account): 3.Web-site back-up systems 3.1. Introduction It is inevitable that the web-site project should be backed-up by not only hard drive on the computer, which will be prone to sudden damages, but also on other reliable media as well as somewhere in the remote location, so that if one location happens to experience flood, fire, or other emergencies, the data is still secure and kept safe. As the website contents are going to be dynamic, the updated contents should be backed up regularly as well. 3.2. Backing up online There are different ways to back up the system, not least of them resorting to external parties to back up your data online, so-called application cloud services or remote back-up services. Cloud servers are best to exploit when there is little computing resource in-house to maintain the site regularly; the companies like Backup Technologies, Mozy, Safesync Trend Micro, Norton, M4 systems utilize special software on their remote servers for recovery and back-up of files, e-mails, and databases. However, there are security concerns related to online backing up as, although slightest, there is a chance of hacking the servers on the network and damaging the data. 1.3.  Physical onsite backup measures Another option would be to exploit physical back-up such as tape drives. The only concern about the tape-back-up is its costliness: tape drives are the most reliable media for backing up large chunks of data and therefore can cost up to  £ 700 for a drive. Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) is another popular option for storing and backing up the web-site in-house, on internal servers. RAID systems nowadays can come already embedded into end-user interfaces, although the possibility of purchasing RAID externally for a charity office server will allow for wider and more relevant choice to be made. RAID systems have three most substantial advantages over other back-up systems in terms of redundancy (if one drive of the whole bunch of hard drives on RAID gets damaged, it can be easily replaced without affecting other disks, usually using mirroring technique), increased performance (dependent on versions of RAID used and the number of drives, usually RAID 0+1 version), and lower costs as compared to tape drives (for the charity the RAID used is one with 4 TB of storing capacity with the moderate cost up to  £500. 1.4.   Recommendation For the current web-project it is decided to use RAID backup system, which will cost  £ 500 together with online back-up for  £30 a year. This solution is the most viable as it ensures against data damage and loss both online and offline, thus creating double fortification of the invaluable business content. Sources Anon, Practical Guide to Dealing With Google’s Malware Warnings. Available at: unmaskparasites.com/malware-warning-guide/ [Accessed April 1, 2011]. Anon, What is RAID? Available at: http://compreviews.about.com/od/storage/l/aaRAIDPage1.htm [Accessed April 1, 2011]. Anon, Web site development process The processes and steps. Available at: macronimous.com/resources/web_development_life_cycle.asp#link7 [Accessed April, 2, 2011]. Anon, Online Backup Software | Carbonite. Available at: carbonite.com/ [Accessed April 3, 2011]. Anon, UNICEF UK: Children’s Appeal. Available at: unicef.org.uk/landing-pages/Childrens-Appeal/?gclid=CPXlmv7XzqgCFQRqfAodd0AAig [Accessed April 3, 2011]. Anon, Sponsor a Child | Child Sponsorship | Children’s Charity | Sponsor Children : World Vision UK. Available at: worldvision.org.uk/server.php?show=nav.29rw.cm=ENGINE,PPC,gclid=CIDu2ZXYzqgCFcRtfAodkBM9jg [Accessed April 3, 2011]. Anon, Action for Sick Children Welcome  :: Available at: actionforsickchildren.org/ [Accessed April 3, 2011].

Back to reality read this article, and write a report Essay

Back to reality read this article, and write a report - Essay Example Another phenomenon of globalization grew parallel that supported to source functions and products from anywhere in the world providing most suitable option to business and led countries to take over other countries’ economy (Malarvannan, 2010), for instance, Goldman Sachs prediction of China to take over US economy by 2020 while India will take over US economy by 2043 (Malarvannan, 2010). (Malarvannan, 2010) Between two extremes of sourcing to the extent where businesses with outsourcing had to bear high cost as compared to benefits or moving back to basic model of performing all support services by itself; it is high time for businesses to decide the balance. Hence, this repeated theme of giving out and taking business function back has put emphasis on the in depth and critical assessment of the factors that shall be considered significantly upon on making sourcing decision (Williams, 2012). The scope of this report has been determined around the same assessment. It draws att ention to potential problems and issues while making sourcing decision and developing supplier customer relationship. It will also try to suggest the balancing point between two extremes. SOURCING Sourcing in general term implies to practices and policies for identifying, evaluating and engaging suppliers of goods and services. There are large numbers of sourcing policies such as outsourcing, in-sourcing, strategic sourcing, global sourcing and so on and so forth. Pivotal point around which the entire sourcing mechanism revolves is mainly driven by the firms understanding of its core competency; much easier said than done (Prahalad and Hamel, 2006). Sourcing of supplier varies from industry to industry; within industry from firm to firm and even with firm for various functions. POTENTIAL PROBLEM Souring, mainly aimed to get operational efficiencies, is also being adapted to access skills and expertise that cannot be made part of the firm (Beaumont and Sohal, 2004). Firms, in order t o conduct sourcing, need to clearly state sourcing issues encompassing what, why, which process of decision making to conduct, how to implement the decision of outsourcing and finally how to implement the decision (Dibbern, Goles, Hirschheim, and Jayatilaka, 2004). Moreover these questions are affected by associated costs, and discrepancies in  defining the scope as well as requirement from outside supplier (Beaumont and Sohal, 2004). The other impediment to making an outsourcing decision is the resulting benefit to the firm. Sizeable literature is present discussing the impact of outsourcing on profitability. This factor must appear with more prominence with cost reduction being mentioned as the main motive behind this strategy employment (Gorg and Hanley, 2004). However, the results are not as predicted and empirical evidences showed that outsourcing does not always have positive impact on profitability. For instance, Kimura (2002) in Japanese context found no positive impact wh ile Gorzig and Stephan (2002 ) found that outsourcing is beneficial for material element while outsourcing of services has negative relation in manufacturing of German manufacturing concerns. Hence, profitability is not always extracted by outsourcing business functions and the results vary based on receiving impact from many factors (Gilley and Rasheed, 2000). Another potential

E-Business , E-Commerce and Information System Case Study

E-Business , E-Commerce and Information System - Case Study Example ips with the customers and the development of a better website will allow PharmQuip to gather useful customer data and retain the customers’ loyalty. The global healthcare equipment industry is anticipated to grow around 5% more till the year 2012. Therefore this is the best opportunity for the company to go global and increase its market share. The developing countries such as Pakistan, India and Malaysia are the most attractive markets because these markets are not concentrated, hence, the demand for healthcare equipment for the disabled will be much higher than in developed countries. NGOs have played another role in creating demand for healthcare equipment as 1500 jobs were created in India in 2005 for the handicaps. The physically challenged individuals who go to jobs or are living alone are the main target segment for PharQuip. Although the international expansion looks very attractive at first glance but it presents a number of issues. As the PharmQuip business will ent er the global arena, it will require more ICT resources and streamlining of the current processes to meet the demand of international healthcare retailers and chemists. The company will need to employ more security measures to enhance the current payment system for its B2B customers. Security of customer data and supplier information will also be needed and will require significant expenditure when the company goes global. A higher budget will be required to advertise and for the promotional strategy to be implemented in all the countries where the company will operate. The single greatest risk that the company faces is from the changes in technologies and introduction of lower cost healthcare equipment. New regulatory requirements can be introduced in the countries which can harm the business. Other risks are the changes in the market dynamics, introduction of alternatives to healthcare equipments and breakthroughs in biotechnologies which can cure the physical disabilities of the

Legal Case Briefs x 3 ( Terry v. Ohio, Katz v. United States, Essay

Legal Case Briefs x 3 ( Terry v. Ohio, Katz v. United States, Tennessee v Garner) - Essay Example The three men were incoherent in their response. That prompted the detective to accost Terry, turn him around and discovered a pistol which he was not able to seize at the moment. He then made the three men to enter the store hands raised, and then frisked Chilton and Kartz. The detective recovered a .38 calibre revolver from the pocket of Chilton’s overcoat on the outside. He did not search the outer clothing of Kartz because he did not suspect him to be armed when he lightly frisked him. The detective as a result of discovery of the weapons arrested the three and charged Terry and Chilton with carrying concealed weapons under Ohio laws and rules. Procedural history Trial court- passed verdict of guilty and convicted. Court of appeal – affirmed conviction. Supreme court- upheld affirmation of appellate court. Issue Admissibility of evidence obtained from suspects without warrants under the fourth amendment if the hunt was restrained /limited and reasonable grounds to s uspect danger depending on the prevailing circumstances before actual proof is obtained. Holding It was proper to stop and frisk the suspects if the police had reasonable grounds of suspicion and it was not contrary to the fourth amendment of unreasonable searches and seizures and that the rule was applicable both privately and in public places. Reasoning Brinegar v. United States 338 U.S. 160 (1949) In as much as probable cause standards are meant to guard citizens against unlawful interference by law enforcement officers, they are also meant to aid law enforcement. A balance has to be struck between allowing the officers too much discretion and what is reasonably practicable under the prevailing circumstances. Application Even though the law provides protection for individuals and guards privacy under the fourth amendment, it must be understood that circumstances arise where it is reasonably practicable to allow personal intrusion for effective law enforcement. The standards of pr obable cause must be regarded in determination of whether arrests without warrants are constitutional or not. Conclusion Activities by law enforcement officers that may seem to be a infringement of the Fourth Amendment in relation to searches and seizures depends on the prevailing circumstances under which the events occur and the reasonableness of actions taken by the law enforcement officers. In order to enhance community protection, law enforcement officers must be allowed certain powers but only which are necessary and not excessive. 2. CASE TITLE: Tennessee v Garner CITATION: 471 U.S.1 (1985) Facts Two Memphis police officers, Wright and Hymon responded to a call October 3, 1974 at a quarter to 11 pm. On arrival at the scene, a woman gestured at the next house and explained to them that she had heard the sound of breaking glass and that it was probably a house break in the neighbour’s house. Hymon positioned himself behind the house as Wright confirmed their presence at the scene to the dispatch scene by radio call. Hyman first heard the sound of a slamming door and saw the suspect fleeing across the backyard. The suspect made a stop at a 6-feet- tall chain link fence. Hyman by the aid of a flashlight could see the suspect and reasonably concluded that he was unarmed, about 17/18 years old and about 5’5’’ or 5’7’’ tall. Hyman called on him to stop but he proceeded to scale the fence.

Positive Working Environments for Children

Positive Working Environments for Children Introduction â€Å"To be included is to experience belonging.† Lancashire County Council (2010) The aim of this assignment is to explain and examine how the staff within a setting ensures a positive working environment for the child. The practitioner will demonstrate an up to date and working knowledge of principles, policies and practices of inclusion. The practitioner will also discuss how parents and multi-agency team’s maybe involved in meeting the particular learning needs and care needs of a child through the implementation of a case study. And also review how new legislation such as Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013 and The Children and Families Act 2014 have resulted from the term ‘inclusion’. According to Lancashire County Council (2010), children are included when they attend a mainstream setting and have complete access to its social and academic life. In becoming more inclusive, schools should meet a greater diversity of needs. Some children may have an identified Special Educational Needs (SEN), whilst others maybe gifted, a child who has English as an additional language or a child with behavioural difficulties. All these children will experience barriers when it comes to learning; therefore we describe such children as having additional needs. All settings should make arrangements to meet the individual needs of all their children, before considering whether some children need arrangements that are additional to or different from their usual practice. All settings should be following good practice guidelines and be providing a differentiated approach for all children. â€Å"Differentiation â€Å"means altering and adapting the way activities are presented to children to enable them to access them and make progress. Settings should offer a range of resources to match different levels of ability, use staff flexibility to give children one to one or small group activities or individual attention and ensure that members of staff has time to plan and prepare activities. Staff should also look at how their setting is organised, are children expected to sit and listen for longer than is appropriate for their age and stage of development? Do children know the structure of the session? , does the setting have clearly defined area s for activities? All these issues can be addressed by adding visual cues for the defined areas and structure of the session. this can make such a difference to the children with speech and language development and for children with English as an additional language as these visual prompts will help the child to learn what is coming next and what is happening in that specific area. â€Å"Every child deserves the best possible start in life, and support to fulfil their potential† DFES (2008) According to the DFES (2008) a child’s experience in the early years has a major impact on their future life chances. Practitioners should focus on each child’s individual learning. All Early years providers must have and implement an effective policy for ensuring equality of opportunities and for supporting children with additional needs, learning difficulties and disabilities. Working effectively in partnership with parents is a crucial part of the early years work. Parents frequently feel that their parenting skills will be judged according to how their child is getting on. Even the most confident and assertive parents can feel very vulnerable and ignorant when it comes to inclusion. â€Å"Parents are the children’s first and most enduring educators. When parents and practitioners work together in early year’s settings, the results have positive impact on the child’s development and learning. Therefore, each setting should seek to develop an effective partnership with parents.† (QCA 2000 page 19) When a parent is told that their child might have an additional need the parents might endure a number of feelings for example, guilt – what have they done wrong? Denial- his brother was just the same and he’s fine now, Anger- who do they think they are giving me this information? Worry- I don’t want my child being treated differently from any other children. Recognizing and accepting that their child is experiencing difficulties can take time but as a practitioner it is important to support this process by taking the time and effort to build up a good relationship with the parents, have an honest and open approach, avoid using language that the parent might not understand or find distressing. It is important to remember that a parent has a lot of valuable information about a child and as a practitioner there aim should be to build a trusting relationship with the parent/carer and to keep the parent fully informed and included in any processes following the initi al discussion. In March 2011, the government published the SEN and disability green paper which proposed a new approach to special educational needs and disability .they intended to develop a radically different system that will support better life outcomes for young people. Any legislation changes were to be taken forward from May 2012. The green paper offered a visual representation of the main themes of the recommendations put forward by the government in the form of a ‘word cloud’.in the illustration below, the larger the word ,the more heavily it featured in the green paper. Although the modern SEN started in the early 1980s, the current framework emerged in the 1990s with the education act 1993/1996 and the issue of the SEN code of practise (as revised in 2001). The code of practice as become the bible of SEN for anyone involved for anyone involved with children with an SEN. The new SEN code of practice 0-25 years (2014) has evolved from many criticisms of the older publications. Parliaments own education and skills committee said in 2006 that the system was â€Å"not fit for purpose†, and many people felt that getting children and young people the correct provision had become a â€Å"fight† between parents and the local authorities, with schools and nurseries often caught in the middle. Parents also perceived that local authorities had a conflict of interest as they both assessed need and made provision. There was also a criticism of the SEN system and particularly of statements in an Ofsted report in 2010 entitled a† a statement is not enough† Five separate inquiries conducted about SEN/disability issued between 2006 and 2010 made other criticisms. After a change of government in 2010 a call for views of the SEN Green paper in 2011 promised the biggest reform in SEN in 30 years. A subsequent SEN Green paper has become The Children and Families Act 2014 and a completely new SEN code of practice has now been issued coming into law in September 2014. Main body Child A is 35 months old; he lives with his mum and dad and is an only child. His mum and dad both work full time so child A spends a lot of time with his grandparents. He lives on a local council estate 3 miles away from the setting and this is his first setting that he has attended which he started in September 2014.Child A has an identified speech and language difficulty which has been identified through observations and assessments by the practitioner and the settings SENCO. The child’s parents have also identified the speech and language difficulty and have a scheduled meeting with the settings SENCO. DFES (2008) suggests that the development and use of speech, language and communication are very imperative in young children’s learning. Much teaching is delivered verbally; and children need good communication skills to make friends. Children’s future achievements are reliant on their capability to communicate effectively. It is essential for us, practitioners to ensure that we do everything we can to support child A in becoming a skilful and capable communicator. As well as making use of spoken language effective communication is also non-verbal. Eye contact, body posture, gesture, facial expressions displaying interest/surprise/boredom can be just as expressive as words. If children arrive in the classroom without the ability to communicate effectively, then they will be disadvantaged from the outset. A number of reasons are given for the decline in early communication skills, forward facing buggies may hinder a childs speech development as it is difficult to push and talk to a child whilst the child is facing away from you , it is impossible to have any eye contact and engage in running commentary of sights, sounds and smells. New technology is also another factor in a child’s speech delay, mobile phones and listening to music with headphones isolate a parent in their own world , leaving a child to become isolated in theirs..Tallent et al(2011). It is my job as child A’s key person is to identify these key issues and educate the child and the parents on opportunities for communication .ways in which I can do this is describe the stage child A’s speech and language and communication development has reached, track their progress (as shown in appendices 1) and identify issues as they arise. I encourage and interact with child A and also plan and implement activities that meet the level of his language development (as shown in appendices 2). I have the responsibility as child A’s key person to provide additional support for child A and to give the child my full attention when child A is talking and to ask open ended questions to encourage the child’s speech development. Skinner the behaviourist therapist suggested that children learn language through reinforcement. In other words, when we show enthusiasm for something that the child is trying to say, this should encourage child A to repeat the utteran ce. It is also essential that i provide the correct support for the child by adapting activities such as adding visual aids, adding visual aids around the room in the defined areas and offering the child visual aids in form of choices, and provide the child with prompts to indicate a response or request. This will help the child communicate effectively and give the child the same opportunities. I identified that child A had a speech and language difficulty whilst tracking his progress child A was at the developmental age of 16-26 months I observed and assessed the child over the next few months in accordance with the graduated approach outlined in the SEN code of practice 2014 and when no progress was being made I took the evidence to the settings SENCO as outlined in the graduated approach shown in the illustration below. In my settings inclusion policy reviewed in 2014(as shown in appendices 3) it states that the setting will encourage children to thrive and to recognise and appreciate their differences and so fulfil their unique potential. It also states that the settings objective is to help parents with children and their families to take part in the nursery and their community and will do this by working with partner agencies and the local community to eliminate the causes of social inclusion and make our services available to all. This includes facilitating, assisting, supporting and valuing each child in pursuit of this aim. As a practitioner following the above graduated response will help the child to reach their full potential. And allow the families access to the partner agencies such as a speech and language therapist. According to DFES (2008) parents need to work in partnership with the setting and support their communication within the home, with their family and in the wider world. These situations are very different from those provided by the setting. For that reason I as child A’s key person must work with the parents in partnership. I should plan regular opportunities to discuss child A’s level of development with his parents. Information should be relayed between me and the parents such as rhymes that child A likes in the setting so these can be repeated at home. The settings single equality policy is derived from The Equality Act which first came into force in October 2010. The equality act states that, public organisations including schools have to take action to make things equal for the people who work for them and use their services. This is called the Single Public Sector Equality Duty. My setting is committed to taking positive action based on the equality act and to make sure staffs are aware of the law and how to put it in to practice. My setting has a professional and dedicated, multi skilled, highly qualified and diverse team of staff who have lots of experience of working in a diverse setting within a diverse community. All these professionals such as practitioners, family support , the setting SENCO and other outside professionals such as health visitors and speech and language therapists will work together to ensure that child A will get the support that he needs. This support will come in the form of regular reviews and meetings with the setting SENCO and key person and additional support in the form of family support services and speech and language referrals may also be offered to child A’s parents..

Paper :: Essays Papers

Paper Since the recent terrorist attacks on the United States of America, politicians and policy makers are considering anti-terrorist legislation. This would include plans to implement a national identification card. The proposed national identification cards would include features such as magnetic stripes, holograms, and integrated circuits. â€Å"This magnetic stripe is expected soon to contain a digitized fingerprint, retina scan, voice print, and other biometric identifiers, and it will leave an electronic trail every time you use it†(1). I feel that since September 11, 2001, many Americans feel insecure and unsafe. Research done by the Pew Research Center shows that, â€Å"seven out of ten Americans favor a national-ID card program in which like the French system, the cards would have to be presented to the police upon demand†(2). In fact there are many developed countries that have a system of national ID cards such as: Germany, France, Belgium, Greece, Luxembourg, Portugal, Spain, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. It should also be noted that there are many developed countries that do not have such a system: United States, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Ireland, the Nordic countries, and Sweden. I think that the terrorist attack on the United States is unsettling. It makes you feel unsafe in your own country. I do not think that September 11 is a good reason for us to adapt a national ID card. Lori Cole, executive director of the Eagle Forum states, â€Å"We don’t want to see Congress pass something in a rush because everyone is fearful to get on an airplane right now† (3). I think that on February 20, 2002 Pramod Shrestha posted something on the discussion forum that was interesting about how national ID cards would combat terrorism, â€Å"Several countries including Hong Kong, Ma laysia, Singapore, Thailand and in most European countries have already issued National ID Card System, however, "no one has been able to identify any country where cards have deterred terrorists." If this is true then a national ID card system would not solve the problem it was proposed for. â€Å"National ID cards have long been advocated as a means to enhance national security, unmask potential terrorists, and guard against illegal immigrants† (4). In fact the chairman and CEO of Oracle recently advocated the national ID card system as a way to address airport security. I do not think that national ID cards will solve the problems that it proposes.

Black Nationalism Essay

Black Nationalism is the name given to empower movements among black Americans, emphasizing their African origins and identity, their pride in being black, their desire to control their own communities, and sometimes the desire to establish a black nation in Africa or some part of the United States. An examination of the roots of these movements and of the beliefs, strategies, and goals of each will show how they were connected and how they influence the appearance, behavior, and attitudes of Dee/Wangero. Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, black people were faced with the very grim prospect of social, economic and political oppression in society. It is at this point that the issues of Black Nationalism arise. Wilson Moses states that the concept of Black Nationalism in both the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were based first on a â€Å"subject† people under political, social and cultural domination. It also represent the desire to unite disunited people, attempt to unify politically all of those people whether they are residents of African territories or descendants of those Africans who were disposed by the slave trade. (Moses, 1978:17). In the mid-1960’s, the optimism of the Southern civil rights movements collapsed in the face of white indifference. It was the decade many African Americans remember most for the dramatic changes following the Civil Rights Movement that brought opportunities and growth both individually and collectively. At that time Dee/Wangero was but a child and knew not of Lindsay 2 what was going on. She would later know the significance of her role in life. Even as a child Dee/Wangero knew there is more to life than living in a shack of a house where there’s no moral, racial consciousness, sense of being or racial pride. The term â€Å"black nationalism† quickly made its way into the American teaching but unlike the earlier land-based nationalism, the term spread into literature, music and the arts. At the same time, African Americans as a group were still entrapped in a system that recognized individual rights as opposed to group or collective rights. Dee/Wangero grew up at a time when there was continuing patterns of racial inequality and oppression and estrangement from white society. You could only speak a certain way and you were not allowed to vote, make changes, or voice your opinion. It was a time when the least you know the less trouble you would be in and Dee/Wangero had a lot to say. She believed there had to be a better world waiting out there, where civilization and freedom exist. The ability to reconstruct her image is essential to her understanding of who she is. Without self-expression is destined to be defined in opposition of â€Å"white† standards. Since all she knows is based upon what she sees around her, any so-called revolutionary action is bound to repeat those of the oppressor. McCartney suggests that a Black’s desire for emigration was to gain political freedom and independence not possible for Blacks as a minority group. Everyone should be the originators of the events that lead to their destiny and Dee/Wangero was tired and fed up with the life she was living with her mother and sister and she became disgusted with their social conditions that had spawned weak racial pride and illiteracy. She wanted to seek out and find a better foundation to develop independence and enlightenment ideas. To make a change, she had to reconstruct not only the image of, but her relationship with, the creator, humanity, and the natural and material worlds. (Essien-Udom, 1962: 28). Lindsay 3 His emphasis on racial pride, political and economic self-determination proved to be a powerful message for African Americans during the early twentieth century. Dee/Wangero would move away from home in the hopes of developing her own society, ethical values, racial consciousness and self-reliance as well as freedom from white American authority. She knew there was more to life than what she currently knew and would yearn to seek that knowledge. She wanted to learn about her culture, history, where she was originated from and how it can change her life. She was determined to make a change and when she returned home she was confident and uplifting. Dee/Wangero was convinced that she had to make everyone including her mother and sister, aware of the need for Black Nationalism, because Black Nationalism can be compared to breathing and eating. Natural acts that is critical that nature will not allow persons to ignore them. (Malcolm X, 1992:1-3) No other race leader had inspired such hope in the hearts of the people since the orations of Frederick Douglas, and incorporated these inspirations (their aspirations) into practical adult education programs. She was taught cultural pride, social separation and economic empowerment and she was baffled that her mother and sister had not change in any way and they were still living in the era of slavery, abolishment and non-engagement. They need to make a change, make something of themselves, things and times have changed and they are being left behind. Any change or new education seem â€Å"ridiculous† to them. Dee/Wangero mother had a quilt for years that she sew together and Dee/Wangero wanted it because she knew the significance and meaning of the quilt, she had studied, practiced and live the life of an influenced, internationalized advocate who appreciated the early exposure to Black Nationalism. Lindsay 4 The mere thought of leaving the quilt with her sister seemed wasteful and unappreciated because her sister would and could not appreciate the significance of the quilt and her sister and mother did not know that this quilt meant a lot to her new found life, culture and teaching. (Colin, 1996: 56) Black Nationalism as an alternate to integration goes back over one hundred years, as black leaders’ explored alternative political and social ideology to address discrimination in the United Stated. Dee/Wangero made the change, her attitude, appearance and behavior spoke cultural change, cultural knowledge and true freedom. She appreciated different images, understand different ideologies and feel different power sensations. She had nurture a taste of real freedom and real self determination and she rediscovered love for blackness, true blue blackness. The way she dressed and the way she spoke said that she had overcome all the â€Å"backward† philosophy that was placed upon her and her people and she is finally able to show this â€Å"new† Dee/Wangero without feeling oppressed. She was happy on the inside and on the outside and this may seem â€Å"weird† to her mother and sister because she had grown spiritually, culturally and had come to believe in herself and her race. She was feeling good and would not change her ways and style and she wanted them to â€Å"make something of themselves† and make a change for the better like she had. (1320).

Behind the Wheel Truck Driver Training (VIDEO)

Behind the Wheel Truck Driver Training (VIDEO) Considering pursuing your CDL and taking to the road in a rig of your own? Cape Fear Community College has posted a video from their truck driver training school to give you a look behind the wheel to  experience what it would be like with a truck of your own! The video features an introduction to the various vehicles you’ll need to know, and how well you need to know them. You’ll spend two weeks in a classroom, and five weeks on the range for hands-on practice with an instructor. Beneath the hood, from front to back, a reputable CDL program will prepare you not only for the mechanical side of the job, but the logistical and legal requirements of being a full-time driver too. There are regulations that vary by state to be aware of, and safety protocols to follow carefully. Beware of any program that seems to take the coursework less seriously or promises to move you through it any faster!

Study Notes - POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT CHANGE (inc. Economic Growth)

Study Notes - POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT CHANGE (inc. Economic Growth) Economics- the study of how to use our limited resources (L, L C E) wisely to help make society and individuals better off.Land- natural gifts of natureLabour- various intellectual talents as well as physical power provided by labour forceCapital- the money needed to produceEntrepreneurship- the idea or ability to create the production, its people employed to thinkThere are two branches of economics:Microeconomics: factors that influence smaller parts of the Australian economy.Macroeconomics: looks at the whole nation; birds eye view of the economy for a country.Interest rate- the cost of borrowing moneyThe problem with relative scarcity refers to the face that there are not enough resources to satisfy society's unlimited wants.The opportunity cost of producing an item is the cost (lost) in not producing the next best item.Here we see that if this producer is in a market that thrives in he usage of guns yet not much butter then he would be advised by entrepreneurs to enter his L, L C into the production of butter, as there is more demand and not as much supply.English: Diagram of relationship between aggregate...This is seen as microeconomics.The PPF is the Possibility Production Frontier; it represents the maximum output that can be achieved. To increase the output in an economy you lower opportunity cost.There are 4 main types of economic systemsDecision makingPlanned Capitalism- Governments control markets to an extent set what they want sold although money is still retained within the private system (products owned by private businesses.) This would seem to be the worst market system for consumers.Planned Socialism- The government plan what they want sold and how they want it sold. In addition socialism makes sure that state own all enterprise. This would seem to be...

Obser and inquire Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Obser and inquire - Research Paper Example In this regard, using the observation experience as in input in the current essay, the aim of the discourse is to pursue responding to a developed inquiry that: â€Å"Women in Mainstream American Culture Tend to Take on More Child-Rearing Duties than Men†. Upon closer examination of the points of inquiry, one established the need to delve into further research on the validity of women taking on more child-rearing responsibilities than men. In the working draft written by Robert Max Jackson, a whole chapter devoted to the responsibility for child rearing provided extensive and comprehensive details that aim to address the question: â€Å"why women so regularly contribute most of this effort† (Jackson 126). Although the author ventured into providing theories that explain the disparate role and skewed responsibilities towards women, Jackson concluded his arguments by indicating that â€Å"mens economic position gives them individual competitive advantages and collective power that allow men individually to beat out women in the labor market and collectively to impose institutionalized discrimination† (Jackson 146). It is interesting to note that the theoretical framework to rationalize women’s propensities for child-rearing tasks from Chodorow’s theory, to wit: it "has unquestionably been true that women have had primary responsibility for child care, (and that) women by and large want to mother, and get gratification from their mothering;" and that "women have succeeded at mothering" (Chodorow; cited in Jackson 133). The observation noted at the shopping mall have effectively validated that mothers were more restrictive and verbally reminding their children to stay close and not to wander far. In contrast, fathers were more lax and were self-assured that they could immediately find their wandering children. Using Chodorow’s theory, mothers would not be complacent in their primary responsibility

The Conception of International Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Conception of International Justice - Essay Example It was revised and translated in both 1975 and 1999 but was originally published in 1971. In this theory, Rawls tries to find a solution on the issue of distributive justice by utilization of the social contract. This theory results in the formation of another theory known as Justice as Fairness, which deals with the difference principle and liberty principle (Freeman 2007, p. 10). Justice as Fairness is John Rawls’ political conception of justice. It encompasses two main principles of Equality and Liberty (Rawls 2001, p. 73). The principle of Equality is further divided into the Difference Principle and Fair Equality of Opportunity. He organized them in a prioritizing order as from the Liberty Principle to Fair Equality of Opportunity and finally to the Difference Principle. In case of a conflict in practice, the priorities determine the order of principles. He makes use of the social contract device, inquiring what principles of justice people agree to when making and design ing humanity. Justice as fairness presents a description of human nature further than the traditions of greedy egoist or saintly altruists and believing that human beings are both reasonable and rational (Thomas 2007, p. 54). Human beings become rational to achieve ends they want to meet, but they get reasonable when the ends become cooperatively possible by sticking to mutually suitable regulatory principles. In the Liberty Principle, Rawls claims that every human being has the same and equal right to essential liberties, and became confident that some freedoms and rights are basic than others. In this theory, he eloquently described the Liberty Principle as a broad, fundamental liberty compatible with others and later amended it in Political Liberalism. It involves the freedom of association, expression, conscience, and democratic rights as well as personal property right (Rawls 2001, p. 40). In this theory, Rawls presents economic and social inequalities in a manner that they app eared either of the greatest importance to the least advantaged, dependable with the immediately savings principle, or emotionally involved in positions and offices unlocked to everyone under the circumstance of reasonable equality of opportunity. He argued that this principle guarantee liberties that signify meaningful options to everyone in a society and confirm distributive justice. Fair Equality of Opportunity Principle maintains that positions and offices should be open to the entire citizens regardless of their ethnicity, social background or sex. Here, he argued that a person should get effective equal opportunity like any other of similar natural ability rather than having solitary right to opportunities. The Difference principle allows inequalities that work only to the advantage of the worse off. He brings out the argument about the system where the wealth gets accurately diffused up. Rawls asked himself several questions including the question about how the society would get stable by the use of the principles of justice. He later came up with lecture notes containing the solutions of the above question. The lecture notes were titled Political Liberalism. In Political Liberalism, Rawls pioneered the ideas of both the public reason and overlapping consensus. The scheme of public reason dealt with the regular reason of all citizens (Freeman 2007, p. 127). The overlapping consensus told mostly about how different citizens hold different philosophical and religious