Israeli Palestinian Conflict essays

Israeli Palestinian Conflict essays The present day conflict that exists between the Israelis and the Palestinians can easily be related to the war that took place in Joshua and Judges. In both cases Israeli's had to fight for the land that they believe belongs to them. In the book of Joshua the Lord instructs the Israelites to conquer Jericho. The manner in which Jericho was conquered is extremely unique in that it involved the blowing of trumpets and marching around the walls of the city. (Soggin) They marched around the walls of the city for six days and on the seventh day the wall of the city came down, The account given in Joshua is rather gruesome because after the walls came down the Israelites were told to kill every woman, man, child and animal; with the exception of Rahab the harlot. (Soggin) The Bible explains what happened after the wall came down saying, " 21Then they utterly destroyed all in the city, both men and women, young and old, oxen, sheep, and asses, with the edge of the sword. 22And Joshua said to the two men who had spied out the land, 'Go into the harlot's house, and bring out from it the woman, and all who belong to her, as you swore to her.' 23So the young men who had been spies went in, and brought out Rahab, and her father and mother and brothers and all who belonged to her; and they brought all her kindred, and set them outside the camp of Israel. (Soggin) In this instance the Israelites believed that God had given this land although it was already inhabited. Throughout the books of Joshua and Judges the Israelites employ a number of tactics to conquer various cities, including the use of spies. This is similar to what is happening today in the Israeli/Palestinian conflict. Both sides (especially Israel) are deploying several tactics to get what they want. One of the most dramatic tactics ...

Here’s Exactly What to Do Before a Test

Here’s Exactly What to Do Before a Test SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Whether you’re taking the SAT, the ACT, an SAT Subject Test, the PSAT, an AP exam, a final, or any other test for high school, it's essential to know what to do beforehand so you can give yourself the best shot at getting a high score. In this guide, we introduce our top tips for what to do before a test, from how to study for a test the night before to how to relax before a test using deep breathing. Feature Image: biologycorner/Flickr What to Do the Day Before a Test Your test is tomorrow, but you have no idea what to do or whether you should even do anything at all. Should you study more? Stay up all night cramming? Give up? (Probably not!) Below, we give you our top tips on what to do the night before your test, including how to study for a test the night before and how to ensure you've got all the materials you'll need for your test. #1: Lightly Review Any Content You’re Still Struggling With The day before a test isn’t the day to do all your studying, but a little light review can be helpful. Otherwise, treat this day mostly as a day to relax. Get together your textbooks, notes, and other study materials and then find a quiet room to study in, such as your bedroom or the local library. As you review, take time to focus on any last-minute, pesky areas you’re still having trouble with. These could be a handful of SAT vocab words or a few math formulas, for example. Try to spend no more than an hour or two reviewing for your test. You don’t want to spend all day studying as it’ll wear you out the day of your test. Plus, you’re unlikely to remember every piece of information you cram in such a short amount of time! The most important point to remember is this: don’t use this day (or night) as an intense study session. Assuming you've already done the bulk of your studying beforehand (especially if you’re taking the SAT or ACT), you should feel pretty prepared by this point and shouldn’t need an entire day to review. Even if you haven’t studied as much as you wished you had, avoid cramming since you’re unlikely to remember everything you study in one lengthy, exhausting session. Instead, focus on the most difficult concepts and try to get those down pat. #2: Get Together Everything You’ll Need for the Test Preparation is the key to success- as well as the key to not feeling ridiculously stressed out the morning of your test! Whether you’ve got a Saturday morning test (such as the SAT/ACT) or have to get to school for your test, be sure to prepare all the materials you’ll need for your test the night before. Get your backpack together with everything you’ll need for your test and for your classes (if taking the test on a school day). Materials you might need to bring for your test include the following: Sharpened #2 pencils Erasers A handheld pencil sharpener A calculator Getting all these items together the day before will make you feel less stressed out the morning of your test, especially if you’re prone to pushing the snooze button one too many times! Ah, yes. Looks like the test center is right next to a creepy alley. #3: Know Where the Test Is and How to Get There If your test is being held at a test center or a school different from your own, it’s critical you know exactly where it is and how you plan to get there. Ideally, you’ll have planned this out long before your test date, but if not make sure you figure it out, by latest, the day before your test. If you're taking the SAT, the ACT, or an SAT Subject Test, you can find your test center information by looking at your admission ticket or by logging on to your College Board or ACT account. If you're taking a test at your own school, such as a midterm, a final, an AP exam, or the PSAT, know which classroom you'll be heading to and when. For most midterms and finals, you'll take your test in the same classroom as your class. However, some students might need to take certain exams at a different school if their own school doesn't offer that particular test. (This often happens with the PSAT and AP exams.) If you're in this situation, confirm which school and classroom you need to go to for your test. I suggest calling the school you're taking your test at ahead of time so you can double-check the time and location. But how should you get to your test center or school? If taking public transportation, it's a good idea to come up with a backup plan in case your bus or train comes late or fails to show up at all. For example, you could talk with a friend about having him or her drive you to your test location if your main choice of transportation falls through on test day. If you plan to drive yourself, make sure you know where you can park and how much it’ll cost (if anything). Consider traffic, too. If you’re leaving at a particularly busy time of day (even Saturdays can get busy depending on where you’re headed!), give yourself extra time to get to your test location. When it comes to tests, remember the mantra: it’s better to be extremely early than even a tad bit late. Generally, aim to get to your test center at least 30 minutes before your test so you’ll have time to check in, get seated, and calm your nerves! #4: Skip the All-Nighter and Get a Good Night’s Sleep As mentioned above, you shouldn't study a bunch the day before your test- and you should definitely skip the all-nighter! But why is pulling an all-nighter so bad for you? Let’s see what science has to say. According to a 2014 study conducted by Ghent University and KU Leuven in Belgium, students who slept at least seven hours the night before a test typically scored higher than those who got only six hours of sleep. Other studies have found that sacrificing sleep for studying is counterproductive and more sleep is strongly correlated with better grades and a higher GPA. As you can see, getting enough sleep isn’t just about feeling better on test day- it ensures that your brain will be better equipped to remember the information you've learned. So what does all of this mean for you? In general, try to aim for at least seven hours of sleep the night before your test. Obviously, what exact amount of sleep feels good can vary depending on your own body and sleeping habits. While some students might need a solid eight or nine hours of sleep, others might do just fine on six hours. Regardless, the point is to get as much sleep as you need to feel well rested and prepared for your test. #5: Set an Alarm (or Two or Three) No matter when your test is- whether it's during a regular school day or on a Saturday morning- it's never a bad idea to set a few alarms (just in case you snooze through your first one!). Try not to set more than three alarms, and keep them at most 10-15 minutes apart so that you don't end up accidentally oversleeping by too long. If you're especially worried about getting up, ask someone you know to check that you're awake by a certain time. This way you can greatly reduce the risk of being late for your test. You can get a family member to check on you in your room in the morning or have a friend call or text you. The correct way to dry your hair the morning of a big test. What to Do the Day of a Test You’ve woken up (likely after hitting the snooze button a couple of times) and are ready to get out and take the test. What can you do to make sure you do your best on it? Here are our top tips for what to do the day of a test, including what to eat before a test and why you should use the bathroom before leaving home. #6: Eat a Healthy, Filling Breakfast A satisfying breakfast can give you ample energy for your test, particularly if you’re taking a long one like the SAT or ACT. According to a 2013 study on the effects of breakfast on academic performance, "Eating breakfast has a positive effect on children's cognitive performance, particularly in the domains of memory and attention." Since you’ll definitely need these two skills in order to do well on a test, we can see that eating a full breakfast is essential to making you feel energized on test day and thus getting the score you want. You should also try to eat healthily. A study conducted by the University of Alberta discovered that healthier diets were linked to better test scores and higher grades. Therefore, don’t just aim for a filling breakfast but a healthy one, too! Good brain foods to eat before a test include the following: Whole grains (oatmeal, granola, quinoa, muffins, etc.) Fresh fruit (bananas, apples, pears, etc.) Fresh vegetables (broccoli, celery, carrots, etc.) Even if you’re nervous about your test, don’t skip breakfast! Chances are, you’ll feel worse and far less energized if you don’t eat anything at all. #7: Confirm You’ve Got Everything You Need You should have gotten all your materials together the day before the test, but we advise checking once more right before you leave that you’re not forgetting anything important. Before you head out, make sure you have everything you'll need for your test (and school, too, if you're taking the test on a school day). Here are some things you might need to bring: Sharpened #2 pencils Erasers A handheld pencil sharpener A calculator Water Snacks Other materials for classes such as textbooks, notebooks, homework, etc. Lunch Money (for lunch, public transportation, etc.) Your driver’s license (if driving yourself or if photo ID is required for your test) A light sweater or jacket that's easily removable Try to avoid bringing your cell phone to your test. Any ringing or vibrating during the test could affect your scores. For example, if you were taking the SAT or ACT and your phone went off during it, your scores would be automatically canceled. This is why it's usually better to leave your phone at home. However, if you must bring your phone or feel weird not taking it with you, be absolutely sure you’ve turned it off before your test begins. Finally, be sure to wear appropriate attire to your test. Whether it’s hot or cold outside, remember that the school/test center might feel warmer or colder inside. Therefore, try to bring a sweater or light jacket you can remove or put on in case the room gets hot or chilly. #8: Go to the Bathroom While this might seem obvious, make sure to use the restroom before you leave for school or your test. Doing this reduces your chances of having to find a restroom at your school/test center and having to use the restroom during the test (which can take critical time away from answering questions). If your test is later in the school day, try to use the restroom in-between class periods, ideally right before you take your test. If you don't have time to use the bathroom before your test, don't despair- some tests might offer breaks. If your test has a break, feel free to use the restroom then. Both the SAT and ACT, for example, offer several breaks for test takers, the longest of which is 10 minutes. This should be enough time for you to go to the bathroom and return to your testing room. That said, most breaks during tests are pretty short. Therefore, by using the restroom before your test, you'll be able to use your break to do other things such as drink water, stretch, or eat a snack. I'm sure she's just using her phone to take detailed notes, right? RIGHT? What to Do Right Before a Test You’ve arrived at school or your test center and are now only a few minutes away from taking your test. What can you do at this point to ensure you get the score you want? Read on to learn how to relax before a test and why you should turn off your cell phone. #9: Turn Off Your Cell Phone If you brought a cell phone, turn it off and put it in your backpack or give it to a test proctor. SAT/ACT test centers typically have different rules for what to do with cell phones, so make sure you’re abiding by your test center's policies. If you're not sure what to do with your phone, ask a teacher or test proctor. Remember, if your phone rings, vibrates, or makes any sound during your test, you could end up forfeiting your test scores. This for sure happens on the SAT/ACT. If you're taking a final, midterm, or other school test, however, consequences will vary depending on your school's policies. In addition, don't simply put your phone on silent since alarms and other sounds can still go off! #10: Stay Calm Perhaps most importantly, take this short time right before your test to calm your nerves and reduce your anxiety. Yes, you’re taking a test. Yes, it’ll probably be a little scary. Yes, you might not feel totally prepared for it. But you can do it! To help relax yourself, take a few deep breaths as you sit at your desk. In particular, focus on deep breathing. This technique is known to quell anxiety and make you feel more relaxed. Don’t think about everything you’ve studied up until this point- just focus on feeling confident and at ease. If possible, try to stretch your arms and legs a little, too. This will help prepare your body for the upcoming immobility and get your blood flowing. #: Be Positive and Do Your Best Part of doing well on tests is having the confidence that you can do this. So take a few moments to remind yourself that you will do your best on this test and hopefully get the score you want. Also, know that it’s not the end of the world if you don’t do as well as you hoped you would. With the SAT/ACT, you can always retake the test. Or if you’re taking an AP exam or SAT Subject Test, even if you don’t get as high a score as your colleges would like, you can still give yourself a solid chance of admission by improving other parts of your college applications. Tests are important, yes, but they're not usually the only make-or-break factor! Do your best and don't let a low score negatively impact your goals. Key Takeaways: What to Do Before a Test Most tests- especially the SAT, the ACT, the PSAT, AP exams, SAT Subject Tests, midterms, and finals- are undeniably intimidating. But as long as you have a long-term study plan and know exactly what to do before a test, you’ll be able to feel confident and get a high score on it. Above, we gave you essential tips for what to do before a test. Here they are again, briefly: The Day Before the Test Lightly review any content you’re still struggling with Get together everything you’ll need for the test Know where the test is and how to get there Skip the all-nighter and get a good night’s sleep Set an alarm (or two or three) The Day of the Test Eat a healthy, filling breakfast Confirm you’ve got everything you need Go to the bathroom Immediately Before a Test Turn off your cell phone Stay calm Be positive and do your best Now get out there and ace that test! Imagine this is your teacher grading your test! What’s Next? Need help coming up with a foolproof study plan? Check out our sample SAT plans and our sample ACT schedules to help you get started. Running out of time before your test? Don't sweat it. With our 10-day cram plans for the SAT and ACT, you'll be able to get a great score, guaranteed! And if you're taking the PSAT instead, take a look at our expert last-minute cram tips. Looking for more study tips? Then read our guide to prepping for AP tests as well as our guide to prepping for SAT Subject Tests. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Critically evaluate the statement that understanding organizational Essay

Critically evaluate the statement that understanding organizational behavior is important to organizational success - Essay Example Indeed, this confirms that there is a link between organizational behavior and the performance and success of an organization, only that its workforce can differentiate the organization. This paper presents a thoughtful discussion to certify the fact that the understanding of organisational behaviour is important to organisational success. Arguably, studying and understanding organizational behavior is very important to be able to analyze the growth and success of any organization. Understanding organizational behavior involves knowing about individuals and human nature. More so, it is necessary to understand organizational behavior since the organizations themselves have members and the factors that affect the organizations have an impact on the people involved also. Actually, the organizational behavior enables individuals to perform tasks assigned to them effectively starting with the management to the employees in order achieve high productivity and success in an organization. Or ganizational behavior is actually one of the approaches of management (Fayyaz et al. 2008, p. 5). Moreover, understanding organizational behavior is valuable to the organization especially if the organization has effectively implemented organizational behaviors (Phillips & Gully, 2012, p. 6). ... 200). The key employees’ behaviours that are given attention in an organization include productivity, turnover and absenteeism. The absence or presence of employees determines their productivity and that of the organization since the management is concerned with quality of work done by the employees. Job satisfaction is a very important factor that has to be considered by the managers since it has been noted that there is a relationship between job satisfaction and productivity. Satisfaction also explains employees’ absenteeism and turnover as well as their motivation to perform their duties effectively. Apart from employees’ attitude and perception, productivity is influenced by job satisfaction, ethical optimism, and the kind of relationship between the employer and employee (Gilliland, Steiner & Skarlicki, 2007, p. 200). Managers are expected to handle their job effectively and efficiently and they can achieve this by having adequate knowledge to deal with a n ew workforce, and complications of the new working environment. Organizational behavior enables the organization perform well in that, paying attention to employees, and recognizing their performance form part of tasks a manager needs to focus on, in order to be successful (Phillips & Gully, 2012, p. 6). Accordingly, understanding organizational behaviour is very important in organizational success as it helps in examining interactions within small groups either formal or informal where individuals merge their efforts towards achieving organizational goals (Fayyaz et al., 2008, p. 4). Arguably, the goals of organizational behaviour include understanding why people behave the way they do, analyse how individuals behave under

Teresa Reifs Insurance Fraud Case Research Paper

Teresa Reifs Insurance Fraud Case - Research Paper Example Report also shows that occupational fraud is the most common. Nevertheless, white-collar fraud is also reported being on the rise. This call for organizations to put strong control measures to prevent and detect any fraudulent act in an organization. Pest, janitorial company fraud case of 2011 is one of the most publicized fraud cases of recent times in which the owner of the company was charged with insurance fraud. This paper will provide an analysis of this insurance fraud case in light of the environmental factors in which the fraud occurred, how the fraud was an accomplished, as well as how it was discovered. Finally, the paper will provide recommendations on how best a fraud of this type may be prevented in the future. In this case, Durand (2011) reports that the proprietor of San Mateo pest and janitorial services was accused of under-reporting over $10 million of payroll in a bid to avoid paying over $2 million in the employee’s compensation insurance. After the accusation, Terasa Reif aged 31 years voluntarily presented herself to the police at Redwood City on a $1 million warrant but was set free soon afterwards after having pleaded not guilty to 44 counts of insurance fraud according to Durand (2013). However, she was required to present herself back in court on 26 May for a review conference and a subsequent preliminary hearing on July 13. Durand (2011) reveals that Reif used to purchase employees compensation insurance between 2004 and 2009 from the State Compensation Insurance Fund and Redwood Fire & Casualty Insurance Company for her business known as Genesis Building Services.

The Revolutions of 1848 Essay -- World History Revolution Essays

The Revolutions of 1848 The Revolutions of 1848 have been described as the â€Å"greatest revolution of the century†1. From its mild beginnings in Palermo, Sicily in January 1848, it did not take long to spread across the rest of Europe (Britain and Russia were the only countries not to experience such revolutions). â€Å"In 1848 more states on the European continent were overcome by revolution than ever before and ever since†2. The Revolutions became more radical but after June 1848 these revolutionary events began to overlap with those of counterrevolutionary actions, thus enabling the old regimes to return to power. 1848 was described as â€Å"a sunny spring of the peoples abruptly interrupted by the winter of the princes†3.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"It has often been said†¦that in 1848†¦European history reached its turning point and failed to turn†4. There are a variety of reasons that can be given for the failure of the Revolutions, these include the divisions amongst revolutionaries, the continuing social and economic problems of the countries involved, the difficulty in replacing the old regimes and the problem of the new inexperienced electorates. There does not appear to be one clear, defining reason which led to the old regimes regaining power after the 1848 Revolutions. All the factors seem to be equally important and to some extent, connected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Across Europe, the revolutionaries of 1848 came from a variety of different social backgrounds and they all held different political beliefs. They could be liberals, republicans, nationalists or socialists and therefore they all wanted different things out of the Revolutions. Each group was also internally divided, with a radical faction and a more moderate one. Initially they all joined forces to overthrow the existing regimes with which they were discontent. However once power was in their hands, they found that ‘Revolutionary Consensus’ was virtually impossible. Their initial victory was â€Å"followed by ensuing struggle to implement change†5. The people had taken to the streets not knowing what they would do if they did manage to take power. Now that they had, because of their different individual aims, they found it hard to compromise. This eventually led to a growing split between moderates and radicals, as well as between social classes , particularly in France. The moderates did not want a government based on universal male... ... voted into the new republic. â€Å"France was a republic, but one now in the hands of an assembly dominated by conservatives, many of whom were monarchists†7.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As you can see all these factors enabled the reactionary regimes to return to power after the 1848 Revolutions. I do not think that one was more influential than another but that they are all connected. Perhaps without one, another may not have had such an effect. For example, the existence of social and economic difficulties increased the divisions between the revolutionaries. They found it increasingly difficult to agree with one another on how to combat them, let alone be able to compromise on a new form of government. Also if the new widened franchise had not been so inexperienced the revolutionaries would have had an easier time replacing the old regimes, which had in fact not been that strong to start with. The reactionary regimes regained power so quickly because of all of these reasons and although the 1848 Revolutions had emphasised the â€Å"ineptitude and impotence†8 of the old sovereigns and governments, they brought with them too many resentmen ts, grudges and radical changes, for which Europe was not yet ready.

Rising Demand In Store For Chemical Engineering Environmental Sciences Essay

Thermodynamicss are theoretical accounts that are used to calculate physical belongingss of crude oil fluids need for chemical procedure design and extraction operations in crude oil related industries. Besides process simulators that are used in chemical procedures and operational intents are normally prepared with every bit many as a twelve or more of thermodynamic theoretical accounts that give support during chemical procedure of crude oil fluids. The basic input parametric quantities needed for usage in these theoretical accounts are important invariables, acentric factor, and molecular weights of certain chemicals such as Pentane. On the other manus, crude oil fluids are chiefly mixtures of hydrocarbon compounds in the signifier of liquids and gases. Citation 2 Alivev, T.L. â€Å" rough oil processing. † Chemical Engineering Research. New York, New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc, 2006. Print. The oil production industry operates on a wide mixture of chemical procedures that can assist it to profit from progress mold and control techniques. The traditional additive control techniques can be applied to most processing systems that frequently consequences in sub-optimal closed-loop public presentation. The current work nowadayss patterning and control of a refinery installation simulation utilizing 2nd order Volterra series theoretical accounts and a nonlinear theoretical account prognostic control preparation. Realistic procedure informations were generated utilizing a dynamic refinery simulation theoretical account. Results show that a second-order Volterra theoretical account can be used to stand for the chemical works that exhibits both nonlinear additions and nonlinear kineticss. Citation 1 Spright, J.G. â€Å" The Effect of Asphaltenes And Resin Constituents on Recovery and Refining Processes. † Petroleum Asphaltene. portion 2. Laramie, Wyoming: Cadmium & A ; W inc. , 2004. Print. Petroleum is a complex but a carefully balanced system that depends on the relationship of the constitutional fractions to each other and the relationships are operated by the chemical science of molecular interactions. Furthermore, some facets of recovery and refinement chemical science, particularly the chemical science of the deposition of asphaltienic can be proposed by virtuousness of the surveies that have led farther cognition of the nature of asphaltene components and the rosin components and peculiarly the nature of their interaction in oil. Besides there are alterations that occur during procedure that will mess up the balance of the crude oil system, such as chemical change of components and accelerators during thermic recovery procedure. Citation 5 Stamps, A.T. â€Å" Outlook for Chemical Engineers. † 2008 American Control Conference, ACC. California: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc, 2008. Print. The current province of chemical technology and procedure control is really of import to the many different industries in the universe today ; Such as the crude oil, petrochemical, pharmaceutical and the medical industries. The job is there are non many chemical applied scientists out at that place today that can help in all of the undermentioned industries. The demand for chemical applied scientists is at an all clip high particularly in the crude oil industries. the crude oil industry presently find itself viing for progressively thin chemical applied scientists as the demand for applied scientists grows in emerging industries such as biotechnology and semiconducting materials. In the following 10 old ages the demand for chemical applied scientists will lift dramatically. Citation 5 Wrench, , Richard. â€Å" Refining/processing. † Oil & A ; Gas Journal. Tulsa, Oklahoma: PennWell Publishing Company, 1998. Print Long ago the most frequent technique to spate rough oil and crude oil was to divide different constituents by utilizing a technique called fractions. In order to utilize fractions to divide constituents you have to make it by utilizing the differences in boiling temperature by fundamentally heating up rough oil to allow it zap and so compact the vapour. Nowadays, the most preferable technique to separate constituents in rough oil or petro fuels is through chemical processing. Chemical procedure can check longer ironss of oil into shorter 1s, through this oil refineries have the ability turn rough oil into Diesel fuel which is so can be turned into gasolene depending on the demand. Citation 6 Williamss, British shilling. â€Å" Rising demand in shop for chemical technology. † Oil & A ; Gas Journal. Tulsa, Oklahoma: PennWell Publishing Company, 1989. Print. Chemical applied scientists are in high demand in today ‘s crude oil and energy industries. There is a Strong demand for chemical applied scientists in the refinement and petrochemical sectors, which will go on the remainder of the century. Besides, demand for chemical technology expertness will speed up upstream every bit good, as lifting oil and gas monetary values revive the economic sciences of enhanced oil recovery and alternate fuels development. Beyond traditional attempts to better resource recovery and procedure works operations, chemical applied scientists face much bigger challenges such as covering with environmental, wellness, and safety concerns that are of import, because of the displacement to a more cleansing agent and green ways to provide energy. Chemical applied scientists face a bright but more ambitious hereafter in the U.S. crude oil industry. Strong demand for chemical applied scientists, particularly in the refinement and petrochemical sectors, will go on the remainder of the century. Demand for chemical technology expertness will speed up upstream every bit good, as lifting oil and gas monetary values revive the economic sciences of enhanced oil recovery and alternate fuels development. The crude oil industry will happen itself viing for progressively scarce chemical applied scientists as demand for them grows in emerging industries such as biotechnology and semiconducting materials. Chemical technology faces a close term deficit in forces even as research needs turn more intense. Beyond traditional attempts to better resource recovery and procedure works operations, chemical applied scientists face a much bigger challenge covering with environmental, wellness, and safety concerns. Those are among the positions of 1989 American Institute of Chemical Engineering Pres. Edward R. H. McDowell on the mentality for U.S. chemical technology. McDowell, retired director of the Chevron Oil Field Research Co. ‘s reservoir technology division in La Habra, Calif. , developed Chevron ‘s computing machine simulated mold of EOR procedures. He besides developed the computing machine plan Chevron uses worldwide to take sites for production and injection Wellss to afford maximal recovery. Prospects outstanding. McDowell sees outstanding chances for chemical applied scientists, particularly in downstream sectors of the crude oil industry. That cheery mentality is n't born of a belief in go oning roar conditions in those industries. McDowell echoed the decisions of a 1988 AIChE undertaking force that questioned the long term viability of the U.S. oil and chemical industries. That undertaking force saw limited growing in front for both U.S. industries because of the impregnation of the U.S. car market, increasing foreign competition, and environmental and regulative restraints. Even with that, â€Å" there are major technological alterations that are traveling to happen in refinement and petrochemicals, and chemical applied scientists are the 1s that will be responsible for those alterations. † Noteworthy among those needed alterations will be chemical applied scientists ‘ challenge to do workss run more expeditiously by bettering procedures and bettering instrumentality and controls in those procedure, he said. â€Å" On the production side, there is a batch of work that can be done in happening the particular enhanced oil recovery procedure that will work in an single oil field and so steering that procedure to do it work. † One critical country in EOR is understanding the thermodynamics of thermic EOR techniques — the reaction chemical science of heat transportation. Computer edification. Chemical applied scientists should work to better their edification in computing machine mold capablenesss, McDowell said. â€Å" Many major progresss have been made in systems for imitating complex chemical technology processes and procedure control. â€Å" The coming of supercomputers has allowed us to do much more elaborate computations of highly complex chemical technology systems, even in dynamic footings. â€Å" On the other manus, little workstations have brought major calculating power and artworks shows to the applied scientist ‘s desk. This consequences in a much better experiencing for what the Numberss on mountains of computing machine paper mean. † That greater capableness, in bend, will take to better instrumentality and increased cognition of how chemical procedures work, thereby progressing procedure control. Improved computing machine edification for the chemical applied scientist applies upriver every bit good as downstream, McDowell contends. He sees an emerging demand for really big reservoir simulations to assist in planing upstream undertakings — primary and secondary every bit good as EOR. Alternate fuels. Chemical applied scientists will play a polar function in how far the U.S. turns to jump fuels to cover with environmental and energy security concerns, McDowell said. Of particular note are attempts to develop alternate transit fuels such as methyl alcohol to assist cover with concerns about the nursery consequence — planetary warning due to the buildup of certain gases such as C dioxide in the stratosphere. McDowell sees it as a existent quandary, given the overpowering dependance of the universe on fossil fuel and uncertainness over whether the nursery consequence is a existent menace. â€Å" It ‘s traveling to be really difficult to fire any fossil fuel without bring forthing some CO [ 2 ] . † He sees the concern over depletion of the ozone bed caused by halogenated CFCs ( CFCs ) as more clear cut, nevertheless. Chemical applied scientists have been instrumental in developing options as manufacturers phase our Chlorofluorocarbons with replacements. Energy concerns. McDowell thinks AIChE ‘s 1983 white paper on man-made fuels may hold to be revised in visible radiation of turning U.S. dependance on oil imports. That white paper cited a national security demand for developing a U.S. synfuels industry. It outlined how chemical applied scientists can supply expertness in communities ‘ exigency response plans in the event of another energy crisis. â€Å" In the 1970s, we heard that there would be so many energy undertakings to bring forth liquid fuels from oil, shale, and coal at that place would n't be adequate chemical applied scientists to plan, concept, and run these workss. â€Å" Today, it is difficult to happen even a bench graduated table research undertaking on developing these man-made beginnings of energy. â€Å" In the 1970s and 1980s, we found that the sum of oil produced and the monetary value of that oil were no longer put in Houston, New York, or even Washington but were determined in the Middle East. In the early 1980s, economic experts forecast oil monetary values of $ 40, $ 50, $ 70, and $ 80/bbl. In world, nevertheless, the monetary value dropped to less than $ 10/bbl for a short clip. † The U.S. needs to look at energy supply/demand in a planetary context if it intends to decide its energy jobs, McDowell said. â€Å" It may non be popular right now with our leaders, but atomic energy may hold a function to play down the route. That does n't intend the crude oil industry has a hapless hereafter. Hydrocarbons still will be needed for petrochemicals and other merchandises, and crude oil is such a various natural stuff there will be a demand for it for many old ages to come. † Environmental concerns. One of chemical technology ‘s most of import functions will be to get by with jobs associated with risky and toxic waste handling and disposal, McDowell said. â€Å" Chemical applied scientists have been educated and trained to be job convergent thinkers. The best manner to work out the job of toxic waste handling and disposal is to minimise the sum of its production. † The chemical applied scientist ‘s first focal point should be on how to plan or choose a procedure based on which one best minimizes production of toxic waste, he said. â€Å" For illustration, there ‘s a batch of research and development being carried out on happening ways to concentrate a toxic waste watercourse in such a manner as to do the job more easy manageable or to happen other ways toxic by-products can be recycled safely and economically. † McDowell sees first-class entrepreneurial chances for chemical applied scientists in environmental direction as more chemical companies emphasis strong environmental plans to ease the populace ‘s wellness and safety concerns over toxic substances. â€Å" Take a expression at what Monsanto is wearing — seeking to cut down all of its waste chemicals to zero within a specified clip. That is a enormous sum of paperwork entirely. † McDowell believes chemical technology ‘s research needs in the crude oil industry should concentrate as much on environmental concerns as on seeking to better the recovery of natural stuffs and the output of merchandises. Chief among needed research countries are air quality jobs at refineries and the menace of groundwater taint by hydrocarbons, he said. AIChE ‘s function. AIChE will concentrate on two countries of public personal businesss to heighten the function of chemical applied scientists in U.S. society. McDowell sees local AIChE subdivisions as the key. AIChE will enlist more chemical applied scientists in local subdivisions to work with local authorities functionaries in guaranting sensible ordinances in countries such as procedure safety, trusting on chemical applied scientists ‘ traditional function as job convergent thinkers. â€Å" For illustration, the New Jersey local subdivisions have been recognized by that province ‘s governor for their outstanding part to exigency response planning. † AIChE besides plans to develop more white documents for authorities organic structures such as Congress and the Environmental Protection Agency on proficient issues. AIChE under McDowell ‘s auspices is endeavoring to break its service to members. In response to ailments about AIChE ‘s proficient plans being excessively academic and missing relevancy to operational applications, McDowell appointed a staff manager for scheduling and will force for more scheduling with other societies. AIChE besides boosted its member communications attempts with start-up of a monthly member newspaper. McDowell besides wants to prosecute outreach attempts overseas. â€Å" With the U.S. industry topic to more planetary competition, we need an expanded, better defined policy of how we relate to our sister chemical technology societies in other states and how we support AIChE members working overseas. † Employment concerns. One of the association ‘s most of import enterprises, said McDowell, is its new engineering commission ‘s plan to make out to industries AIChE believes are underutilizing chemical applied scientists, particularly among emerging engineerings. â€Å" Of peculiar involvement to chemical applied scientists are those specialising in biotechnology, advanced stuffs, and new stuffs. However, these endeavors have for the most portion been started and run by either life scientists or electrical applied scientists. Not as many chemical applied scientists as we would hold hoped hold found occupation chances in these turning concerns. â€Å" Even though unemployment does n't look to be a job today, we are on the sentinel for the following rhythm. . . to state proficient direction in industries where chemical applied scientists are underutilized what chemical applied scientists can make, thereby broadening employment chances in our profession. † At the same clip, chemical applied scientists are underutilized in the crude oil industry, McDowell feels. The restructuring and consolidation that swept the crude oil industry in the early 1980s cost many chemical applied scientists their occupations. â€Å" Today, as a consequence, many chemical applied scientists are no longer working for major chemical or crude oil companies, which had appeared to assure womb-to-tomb employment. Alternatively, we find chemical applied scientists working for little companies as independent advisers and as contract labour. † â€Å" The workss that survived this restructuring are now running expeditiously. But really small attempt is being made in research, modernisation of the works, or go oning instruction and development of the work force. † Manpower squeezing. The downswing in the crude oil industry, which traditionally has accounted for about half of U.S. chemical technology employment, besides cut undergraduate registration in the subject. In 1987, about 10-11 % of chemical technology graduates went to work in the crude oil fuels industry and about 40 % in chemicals treating. â€Å" Registrations are down because of hapless industry conditions, † said McDowell. â€Å" At the same clip, demand for chemical technology alumnuss is turning. Presently, most alumnuss each have at least two occupation offers. † Much of the increasing demand for chemical technology alumnuss will come from the subjects spectrum broadening into other engineerings such as semiconducting material research and biotechnology. Thus crude oil companies will happen themselves viing more for chemical technology endowment with other industries every bit good as with each other. â€Å" The whole state needs to be really concerned about where its hereafter proficient expertness is coming from, † McDowell said. â€Å" Industry in peculiar demands to supply more calling counsel for minorities. † It ‘s all portion of a subject holding to get by with rapid alteration in the primary industries it serves, McDowell noted. â€Å" One thing I can state you is that the following 10 old ages will convey every bit many alterations as the past 20 have. † Subject: A CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGA ( 94 % ) ; A PETROLEUM PRODUCTSA ( 91 % ) ; A ENGINEERINGA ( 90 % ) ; A PETROCHEMICALSA ( 90 % ) ; A CHEMICALS MARKETSA ( 90 % ) ; A OIL & A ; GAS INDUSTRYA ( 90 % ) ; A PETROLEUM & A ; COAL PRODUCTS MFGA ( 90 % ) ; A OIL EXTRACTIONA ( 90 % ) ; A PETROCHEMICALS INDUSTRYA ( 89 % ) ; A RESEARCHA ( 89 % ) ; A MODELING & A ; SIMULATIONA ( 89 % ) ; A COMPUTER SIMULATIONA ( 87 % ) ; A CHEMICALSA ( 79 % ) ; A CHEMICALS MFGA ( 79 % ) ; A CHEMISTRYA ( 79 % ) ; A PETROCHEMICAL MFGA ( 78 % ) ; A PETROLEUM REFINERIESA ( 78 % ) ; A OIL & A ; GAS PRICESA ( 73 % ) ; A BIOTECHNOLOGY & A ; GENETIC SCIENCEA ( 71 % ) ; A PHYSICSA ( 70 % ) ; A Heart: A CVX ( NYSE ) A ( 92 % ) ; A Industry: A NAICS324110 PETROLEUM REFINERIES A ( 92 % ) ; A NAICS211111 CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS EXTRACTIONA ( 92 % ) ; A SIC2911 PETROLEUM REFINERIES A ( 92 % ) ; A NAICS 213112 OIL & A ; GAS INDUSTRYA ( 90 % ) ; A Person: A ANN LIVERMOREA ( 56 % ) ; A Organization: A AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERSA ( 59 % ) ; A State: A UNITED STATESA ( 95 % ) ; A Company: A CHEVRON CORPA ( 92 % ) ; A A A AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERSA ( 59 % ) ; A Language: English Series: This is the first of three articles on the mentality for U.S. chemical technology, observing the centenary of its birth at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1888-89. Graphic: Cover Photo, Staff Engineer Dr. Lori Hasselbring infusions residue from air sensitive accelerators, portion of Phillips Petroleum Co. ‘s research to back up turning demand for forte chemicals. A revival in chemical technology is due chiefly to the resurgence of the petrochemical and refinement industries. The mentality for U.S. chemical technology is the topic of three upcoming OGJ articles. The first, an interview with American Institute of Chemical Engineers Pres. Edward R. H. McDowell. ; Illustration, 100th day of remembrance, CHEMICAL ENGINEERING ; Picture, Edward R. H. McDowell, As many alterations in the following 10 old ages as in the past 20.

Compare and Contrast the Portrayal of the Gods in Virgils...

COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE PORTRAYAL OF THE GODS IN VIRGILS AENEID AND OVIDS METAMORPHOSES. There is a significant difference in the treatment of the gods in the Aeneid and the Metamorphoses, even though both authors were writing in the epic tradition. Virgil wrote his Aeneid in the last ten years of his life, between 29BC and 19BC, after the Battle of Actium, in 31BC, which was significant, as it established Octavian as the sole emperor, Augustus, of Rome. The Aeneid is a celebration of Augustus achievements and rejoices in the development of Rome. There is a great sense of political propaganda, as well as an historical element, as it illustrates the origins of the Roman people. In contrast, Ovid conceived a different†¦show more content†¦That is, Poseidon avidly pursued Odysseus, throughout his journey back to Ithaca, as he had blinded his son, Polyphemus; for example, in Book 5, he creates a storm and shipwrecks Odysseus. Likewise, Juno persuades Aeolus, king of the winds, to create a storm that is consequently stopped by Neptune: A howling gust from due north took the sail aback and lifted wavetops to heaven.[3] These two comparisons of Juno with Hera and Poseidon, depict the Virgilian goddess as being hateful, resentful and vengeful. The fact that Virgil links Juno with the Homeric gods also gives her character an element of seriousness and austerity. However, there is also a sense of injustice, as Junos actions seem unwarranted towards Aeneas, as she acts out of personal hatred towards him. It is also significant that Neptune only calms the storm, as it threatens the peace of his seas, and not because he pities the wretched Aeneas: Power over the sea and the cruel trident were never his (Aeolus), but mine.[4] This emphasises that the gods can be cruel, illustrated by the misuse of Junos power to influence Aeolus, to start a storm; as well as, selfish and unjust. In contrast, theShow MoreRelatedCompare And Contrast The Gods In Ovid And The Aeneid1987 Words   |  8 Pagesobjective of the essay is to compare the roles of the gods as shown in Ovid’s book and Virgil’s book. The gods are perceived to be differently described in the two books and that makes the analysis of the gods in the essay to be conclusive. Ovid and Virgil are writers in the epic tradition but the way they treat gods in Aeneid and metamorphoses displays a difference. Aeneid was written between 29BC up to 19BC after the battle of Actium was fought in 31BC. The Aeneid was written as a celebration